What celestial event occurs when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon?

The correct answer to the question lies in understanding the mechanics of lunar eclipses. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth is positioned directly between the Sun and the Moon, which results in the Earth's shadow falling on the Moon. This alignment causes the Moon to darken, and it can take on a reddish hue, often referred to as a "blood moon." This phenomenon only happens during a full moon when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line.

In contrast, a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the sunlight from reaching the Earth. A planetary conjunction involves two or more planets appearing very close together in the sky, and an equinox is related to the specific moment when the Sun crosses the celestial equator, affecting day and night lengths. Thus, the mechanics of the lunar eclipse specifically explain why the choice related to the Earth's position aligns perfectly with the event described in the question.